Role of renewable, non-renewable energy consumption and carbon emission in energy efficiency and productivity change: Evidence from G20 economies

•SBM-DEA and ML Index measured the EE and productivity change of G20 Countries.•Renewables and carbon emissions were included in input–output bundles.•Additional input (renewable energy consumption) increases the average EE level.•Carbon emissions increase renewable energy efficiency and productivity growth.•A statistical difference exists between the mean EE and MLI scores of G20 Countries.