Applications of functionalized nanoparticles in tissue engineering

The advancement of nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis and the need for control over nanoscale systems have profoundly influenced tissue engineering (TE). NPs with minimal toxicity, contrast agent qualities, adaptability, the capacity to give targeted responses/stimuli, and precise behavior control (through external stimuli like magnetic fields) facilitate the manipulation of enhanced engineered tissues to overcome TE obstacles. Interactions between functional tissues and organs need a high degree of spatial and temporal control over biological activities, as well as real-time monitoring. Controlling the imaging and local distribution of bioactive agents (growth factors, chemokines, inhibitors, cytokines, genes, and so on) and contrast agents are critical for tissue management and monitoring. These criteria have resulted in the use of NP-based systems in TE scaffolds to augment growth factors, improve image contrast, and regulate scaffold parameters. Nanoparticles may be synthesized utilizing various materials, including polymers, ceramics, carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and quantum dots, as well as their different compounds. This chapter explains the usage of NPs systems in TE and discusses the future applications of these systems.