A Case of Successful Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Oral Lyophilized Fecal Microbiota Transplant

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a challenging clinical entity that can be frustrating for patient and physician alike. Repeated rounds of antibiotics can select for multidrug-resistant organisms, further complicating care. We describe the successful use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of recurrent extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae UTIs in a patient with an ileal conduit and urostomy. In the 18 months after FMT, the patient had not experienced new infections with ESBL-producing organisms. The urine and stool microbiomes of the patient were tracked before and post-FMT using 16s RNA sequencing with measurement of α-diversity. Sequencing of the recipient microbiota did not mirror the donor stool taxa at either site, but an increase in the relative proportion of the genus Bacteroides as compared with Prevotella was noted in the stool post-transplant. FMTs may be a promising treatment option for recurrent multidrug-resistant infections.