Comparison of early surgical outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection in a single centre: A cohort study

Abstract Introduction: Robotic platforms provide a stable tool with high-definition views and improved ergonomics compared to laparoscopic approaches. Purpose The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the intra- and short-term postoperative results of oncological resections performed robotically (RCR) and laparoscopically (LCR) at a single centre. Methods Between February 2020 and October 2022, retrospective data on RCR were compared to LCR undertaken during the same period. Parameters compared include total operative time (TOT), length of stay (LOS), re-admission rates, 30-day morbidity. Results 100 RCR and 112 LCR satisfied inclusion criteria. There was no difference between the two group’s demographic and tumour characteristics. Overall, median operative time was shorter in LCR group [200 vs 247.5 min, p < 0.005 ], but this advantage was not observed with pelvic and muti-quadrant resections. There was no difference in the rate of conversion [5(5%) vs 5(4.5%), p > 0.9 ]. With respects to perioperative outcomes, there was no difference in the overall morbidity, or mortality between RCR and LCR, in particular requirement for blood transfusion [3(3%) vs 5(4.5%), p 0.72 ], prolonged ileus [9(9%) vs 15(13.2%), p 0.38 ], surgical site infections [5(4%) vs 5(4.4%), p > 0.9 ] anastomotic leak [7(7%) vs 5(4.4%), p 0.55 ], and re-operation rate [9(9%) vs 7(6.3%), p 0.6 ]. RCR had shorter LOS by one night, but this did not reach statistical significance. No difference was observed in completeness of resection but there was a statically significant increase in lymph node harvest in the robotic series. Conclusion Robotic approach to oncological colorectal resections is safe, with comparable intra- and peri-operative morbidity and mortality to laparoscopic surgery.