Aplastic anemia in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A Case Report

Abstract Background: It is uncommon to come across instances of aplastic anemia in individuals suffering from papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated by Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Here, a unique case is presented. Case presentation: A 23-year-old male was admitted to the hospital for “a lump in his right neck”. Laboratory tests revealed a decrease in white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelet count. Bone marrow aspiration showed extremely low hematopoietic cell hyperplasia. Simultaneously, the levels of thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were significantly elevated. Ultrasound of the neck revealed bilateral thyroid nodules. Moreover, fine-needle aspiration biopsy showed atypical the presence of proliferative thyroid epithelial cells. Even after implementing various treatments hematopoietic function could not be restored. However, following thyroidectomy, the patient's WBC, RBC, and platelet counts gradually returned to normal. Conclusions: Here, we present a case that thyroid cancer complicated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may affect hematopoietic function.