Anesthesia and analgesia in amphibians

This short chapter is intended as a concise introduction to the anesthesia of laboratory-relevant species. Amphibians, by nature of their anatomy and physiology, are open to anesthesia via immersion, injection and inhalation. While only a tiny subset of the extant species have had their anesthesia assessed in any depth, the biodiversity crisis and amphibians' use in biomedicine will increase the need for optimised anesthetic protocols.