Microbial Genomics and Modulation in Ruminants: An Environmental Perspective with Special Reference to Methane Migration

Rumen is considered the primary source for methane production, and its microbiome consisting of bacteria, yeast and protozoa help in methanogenesis by utilizing various biochemical pathways. Methane production has been an environmental concern for many years. Methane is far more effective amongst the greenhouse gases in trapping heat and plays a major role on the environment in respect to climate change. With accordance to the microbial genomics, their role in methane production and modification of diet in ruminants, researchers have been working on various methods to apply in the field of methane migration. Functional metagenomics and ruminomics are being studied and applied in the process of mitigation of methane production by ruminants. Here, we intend to provide an update on the microbial genomics and modulation in ruminants, and how the reviewed methods could help in preventing methane emissions.