Antioxidant properties of marine-derived polysaccharides and metal nanoparticles

Oxidative stress caused by a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cell inclusions of lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and diabetes. Antioxidants are required to minimize oxidative stress and to maintain ROS at a normal level to ensure that the body’s physiological systems function normally. Both natural and synthetic antioxidant sources have been used. The natural sources of polysaccharides are marine organisms, including bacteria, algae, fungi, mammals, and microorganisms are abundant in antioxidants. Polysaccharides of fucoidan, galactofucan, ulvan, sulfated polysaccharides, sulfated agaran, porphyran, and iota-carrageenan could be utilized as sources of the primary antioxidants to overcome illnesses induced by oxidative stress and are commonly employed in both the food and pharmaceutical sectors.