Photochemical and electrochemical co-regulation of the BiVO₄ photoanode for water splitting

A novel pretreatment strategy that can regulate the amount of oxygen vacancies (Ovac) across the wormlike-BiVO4 photoanode by photochemical and electrochemical co-processing. Upon decorating NiFeOx as an oxygen evolution cocatalyst for promoting the surface oxidation kinetics, a record-high photocurrent density of 6.42 mA cm-2 is obtained at 1.23 vs. RHE (100 mW cm-2).