Weizmannia coagulans functions as a heat-stress protective probiotic via modulation of the pyridoxal-oxalate interaction

Abstract Global warming has become an urgent issue, and heat stress protective materials should be developed to manage human life and animal husbandry. Here, the heat stress protective effects of the thermostable probiotic Weizmannia coagulans SANK70258 were clarified using a broiler model under thermal conditions in an artificial climate facility. Probiotic exposure promoted growth under the thermal conditions. Based on machine learning (ML) data obtained after omics analysis, structural equations and causal inference for broiler growth under heat-stress estimated the strong relationship with pyridoxal involved in the reduction of hepatic oxalic acid, which is responsible for cold sensitivity. In addition, the relative abundance of the genus Pseudomonas , which may be decrease pyridoxal, were at a low level after exposure of W. coagulans under heat-stress. Thus, this study highlights a novel aspect of W. coagulans as a probiotic candidate that modulates the mechanism of heat tolerance related to the cold sensitivity.