The renoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of human urine-derived stem cells in acute kidney injury animals

Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a sudden loss of kidney function, which is often caused by drugs, toxins, and infections. The large spectrum of AKI implies diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. In many cases, AKI can be lethal, and kidney replacement therapy is frequently needed. However, current treatments are not satisfying. Thus, developing novel therapies for AKI is essential. Adult stem cells possess regenerative powers and play an important role in medical research and disease treatment. Methods: Here we isolated and characterized a distinct human urine-derived stem cell, which expresses both proximal tubular cell and mesenchymal stem cell genes as well as certain unique genes. Results: We discovered that these cells exhibited robust protective effects on tubular cells and anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro. In an ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury mouse model, transplantation of USCs significantly protected the kidney morphology and functions in vivo. Conclusions: In summary, our results highlight the effectiveness of USCs in protecting PTC injury and impeding macrophage polarization as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins, suggesting the potential of USCs as a novel cell therapy in AKI.