Exploring the connection between ethylene and somatic embryogenesis: an in silico analysis of gene pathways

Abstract Somatic embryogenesis is a plant cloning process that enables the development of embryos without meiosis or fertilization. It can occur naturally or be induced through laboratory-induced stress. The indirect method is preferred for industrial production. The excessive presence of ethylene in in vitro cultures can hinder plant development and shoot formation. However, the impact of ethylene on somatic embryogenesis is not well understood. In light of the foregoing, we assessed the correlation between ethylene and somatic embryogenesis through an in silico methodology for predicting gene pathways. Using the STRING platform, the genes AGL15 and ERF115 were selected. This allowed for enrichment analyses to comprehend the individual functions of these genes in the somatic embryogenesis process influenced by ethylene. The results indicate that plant stress induces ethylene production, activating genes such as ERF115 and HAD19. This results in cellular senescence in certain structures and cell proliferation in others. Furthermore, the transport of substances from areas of cell death to sites of proliferation is driven by the PLT3 gene. This region is crucial for somatic embryogenesis development, activating genes responsible for somatic embryogenesis.