Cognitive function and its influencing factors in chinese with advanced age: An observational study based on comprehensive geriatric assessment

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is an age‐related clinical problem that has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of elderly individuals. Hence, it is necessary to identify and intervene the factors affecting cognitive impairment early. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic process used to evaluated the medical, psychosocial, and functional abilities of older adults. This study aimed to evaluated the cognitive function and to explored the risk factors in the old elderly in Chongqing, southwest China by analyzing the CGA assessment data. Method A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 551 inpatients aged 80 years or older of Department of Geriatrics in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2017 to August 2018. Participants were measured with CGA to assess the physical condition, cognition, mental health status, fatigue, nutrition, and presence of geriatric syndromes. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The factors associated with cognitive function were analyzed with independent sample t‐test, chi‐square test, and rank‐sum test. The relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors was examined with logistic regression analysis. Result Among the 551 subjects, 313 (56.8%) had different degrees of cognitive impairment. The cognition function was obviously correlated with literacy (z = ‐3.294,P< 0.001), diabetes (x² = 6.862,P< 0.009), nutrition (z = ‐3.466, P<0.001), GDS‐5 (x² = 25.955, P<0.000). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.117, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1048–1.190), no diabetes (OR = 0.628, 95% CI:0.400–0.984), normal GDS‐5 (OR = 2.417, 95%CI: 1.568–3.000), and malnourished (OR = 2.481, 95%CI:1.159–5.313) were significantly associated with cognitive function. Conclusion Our results suggest that age, poor literacy, diabetes, depression and malnutrition are significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Therefore, improving nutritional status, controlling blood glucose and regulating emotions have positive regulatory effects on cognitive function of the older elderly.