Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Vaccination Among Parents in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Background Vaccine misconception plays an important role in delaying vaccination for children, which can lead to serious health problems. Assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and potential associated factors among Saudi parents of preschool and school-age children and adolescents for all types of vaccines would help increase vaccine coverage. Methodology This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was performed among parents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study enrolled all Saudi parents visiting primary healthcare centers (PHC) in Jeddah with their children aged 3-18 years old. A self-administered questionnaire in Arabic was used to assess KAP. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association between KAP and sociodemographic factors with significance set at p-values <0.05. Results Out of 301 participants, 68.1% were mothers, and 55.8% of children were female. The largest percentage (81.7%) of the parents were aged between 31 and 50 years old. Although 94.4% of the parents agreed or strongly agreed that childhood vaccines protect their children from serious diseases, 26.6% of parents agreed or strongly agreed that vaccines can potentially cause autism, and 18.6% believed they could lead to learning difficulties. Most parents (67.4%) were in favor of vaccination, while others were hesitant about vaccinating their children and believed in alternative methods of disease prevention. About one-third knew other parents who did not vaccinate their children for religious, ideological, or cultural reasons. Sociodemographic factors such as gender (p = 0.042), educational level (p = 0.017), nationality (p = 0.001), and first child (p = 0.013) had some influence on parents' beliefs and knowledge about vaccination, while the number of children (child order) (p = 0.022) and parents' education level were associated with hesitancy (p = 0.028). Conclusions These findings show that most parents had good KAP toward vaccination, influenced by sociodemographic factors. However, there is a need to address vaccination hesitancy by acting on identified contributing factors.