Water-immersion and cap-assisted endoscopic ablation of hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy with a novel 1.9/1.5-μm dual-emission endoscopic laser treatment

Hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy is a long-lasting side effect of radiotherapy for gynecologic, urologic, and digestive cancers that is characterized by hematochezia from mucosal angioectasia, and a variable degree of rectal pain, tenesmus, urgency, and incontinence [1]. When symptoms or anemia occur despite medical treatment, endoscopic therapy with radiofrequency ablation or argon plasma coagulation represents the first option, with appreciable but still suboptimal endoscopic and clinical long-term results [1] [2].