Joint Inversion of Geodetic and Strong Motion Data for the 2012, M_w 6.1–6.0, May 20th and May 29th, Northern Italy Earthquakes: Source Models and Seismotectonic Interpretation

Abstract We present the first rupture models of the two mainshocks of the 2012 northern Italy sequence, determined by jointly inverting seismic and geodetic data. We aim at providing new insights into the mainshocks for which contrasting seismotectonic interpretations are proposed in literature. Sources' geometric parameters were constrained by seismic reflection profiles, 3‐D relocations and focal mechanisms of mainshocks/aftershocks. Site‐specific velocity profiles were used to model accelerograms affected by strong propagation effects related to the Po basin. Our source models differ significantly from previous ones relying on either seismic or geodetic data. Their comparison against geological sections and aftershock distribution provides new insights about the ruptured thrust faults. The May 20th M w 6.1 mainshock activated the Middle Ferrara thrust‐ramp dipping ∼45° SSW‐wards, breaking a main eastern slip patch 4–15 km deep in Mesozoic carbonates (maximum slip 0.7–0.8 m) and Paleozoic‐Triassic basement rocks, and a small western patch in the basement. The May 29th M w 6.0 mainshock featured two separated asperities along the Mirandola thrust‐ramp dipping ∼42° S‐wards: an eastern asperity 4–15 km deep in Mesozoic carbonates and basement rocks (maximum slip 0.7 m) and a deeper western one (7–16 km depth) mainly in the basement (slip peak 0.8 m). On‐fault aftershocks were concentrated within the basement and Mesozoic carbonates, devoiding high‐slip zones. Slip and aftershock distribution was controlled by the rheological transition between Mesozoic carbonates and Cenozoic sediments. Unlike previous thin‐skinned tectonic interpretations, our results point to a complex rupture process along moderately dipping (40°–45°) thrust‐ramps deeply rooted into the Paleozoic crystalline basement.