Neuro-Ophthalmology

This chapter deals with abnormalities of the sensory and motor nerves of the eye and pathology involving the cerebral control centres. The chapter is divided into three basic sections: optic nerve and visual pathway disease, pupillary and oculomotor nerve pathology and supranuclear disorders of ocular motility, including nystagmus. Various causes of optic neuropathy and neurological abnormalities of the chiasm and retro-chiasmal pathways are described. Pupillary abnormality is considered. Palsy of the III, IV and VI cranial nerves and ocular myopathy (myasthenia, myotonic dystrophy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia) are described with clinical images. Neuroradiology is an important component in the evaluation of these patients and examples are used to illustrate the underlying diseases.