Smart gating membrane based on polyzwitterion-modified SiO2 nanoparticles for water treatment and in-situ multi-modal detection

In this work, we have designed and fabricated a highly durable multifunctional self-assembly gating membrane with in-situ detection of heavy metal ions (Cu2+ and Fe3+) and pH values of treated solution, ionic-stimuli controllable gating (from 0 to 15,330 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), exceptional mechanical stability and excellent anti-fouling properties (94.8%), these features will undoubtedly enhance the practical application of smart gating membrane.