Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Sustainability of Crop Production: A Case in India

One of the biggest environmental problems of the twenty-first century is climate change, which is defined as long-term changes. Climate change is defined as a shift in the climate's state that lasts for at least a few decades and can be detected by changes in the mean or the variable nature of its properties. Water and solar energy, which are required for plant growth, are the natural resource foundation for food production. As a result, climate change can effect agriculture productivity in two ways. Firstly, changes in rainfall/precipitation, temperature, and CO2 levels directly impact plant growth, development, and yield. Secondly, snow melt, irrigation availability, soil organic matter, seasonal droughts and floods, among other factors, may significantly impact agricultural land use. Rainfall controls the availability of water and dictates when to plant. Crop growth is controlled by temperature, while pest and disease incidence is controlled by duration and relative humidity. Photosynthetic productivity is influenced by radiation. Wet and dry spells profoundly impact the physiology of standing crops, resulting in product losses. All of these developments would have a significant impact on India's agricultural production. The present chapter focuses on the impact of changing climate on India's crop production sustainability.