Molecular mechanisms of Tangningtongluo Tablet in the treatment of diabetes based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics

Abstract The autoimmune condition known as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typified by the loss of islet β cells, which leads to hyperglycemia. Through the use of network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking, the possible molecular mechanism of the Tangningtongluo Tablet (TNTL Tablet) of DM treatment was investigated in this study. Based on 6482 disease targets and the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological (TCMSP), the databases determined 43 active components of the TNTL Tablet. Positive and negative control of apoptosis, enzyme and protein binding, and other biological processes were the main process of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. The AGE-RAGE, IL-17, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways are implicated in diabetes complications, according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) studies. Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, baicalein, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were the main ingredients for the treatment of diabetes in the TNTL Tablet-Diabetes of the TCM-component-target-disease network map. MMP9, IGF2, and IFNG for DM are displayed as hub genes in the results of a machine learning method (cox LASSO regression and random forest), using the CIBERSORT algorithm to analyze the correlation of the immune response in DM patients. The molecular docking showed that the TNTL Tablet had strong main active components and hub genes binding activity. Anti-inflammation and inhibition of oxidative stress may be important pathways through which TNTL Tablet exerts its pharmacologic effects. the TNTL Tablet potential therapeutic targets and related molecular mechanisms of treatment diabetes are helpful in the management of DM patients.