Examination of some soil biological characteristics of three soil types under different plant crops

In the Institute of Agrochemistry and Soil Science from Debrecen University of Hungary (UD) some microbiological characteristics of three different soil types, with different plant crops were examined during 2 years (2019-2020), in spring and autumn. Examined soil types were: (1.) Chernozems with corn (Triticum aestivum L.); (2) Arenosols, with fruit (Prunus cerasus L.) and (3) Solonetz with grassland. The highest number of total soil bacteria was found in Chernozem soil under wheat crop (13.20*106 g -1 ), the highest quantity of microbial fungi (9.93*103 g -1 ), and dehydrogenase activity (240.32 µg INTF g-1 soil 2 h-1 ) was found in Solonetz soil, which is an uncultivated soil (pasture). One of the main parameters of the soil biological characteristics is the CO2 production of the soils, which was the highest on the Chernozem soil and the lower on the Humus of sandy soil. During the correlation tests, the most close correlation was demonstrated between the parameters of the Solonetz soil (dehydrogenase enzyme – number of microscopic fungi; r = 0.909; 0.955; total bacterial number - soil respiration; r = 0.830; 0.885). Medium and close correlation were found between the soil moisture content and the total number of bacteria in case of Solonetz and Chernozem soils. Regarding the seasonality, higher abundance of total bacteria was measured in spring and in autumn, moreover the number of fungi, dehydrogenase activity and CO2 production were higher in the soils. Based on the measured microbial properties of the soil, this study proved that the biological activity of the soil remained more intense in the Solonetz soil. This is due to the fact that it is located on a natural pasture, undisturbed by agricultural works, which are specific to arable and horticultural crops