An Overview of Reviews to Inform Organization-Level Interventions to Address Burnout in Rheumatologists

Objective. To identify organization-directed strategies that could be implemented to prevent burnout among rheumatologists. Methods. A search of English language articles published 2011 or later was conducted on Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo on January 25, 2022. Included reviews had >= 1 primary studies with >= 10% of participants who were physicians, recorded burnout as an outcome, and described an organization-directed intervention to prevent burnout. Overlap of primary studies across reviews was assessed. The final review inclusion was determined by study quality, minimization of overlap, and maximization of intervention breadth. The A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool was used for quality assessment. Included studies and interventions were assessed by rheumatologists for their applicability to rheumatology. Results. A total of 17 reviews, including 15 systematic reviews, 1 realist review, and 1 umbrella review were included. AMSTAR 2 quality ratings classified 5 systematic reviews as low quality, 1 as moderate, and 9 as critically low. There was significant heterogeneity between and within reviews. Six conducted a metaanalysis and 11 provided a qualitative summary of findings. The following intervention types were identified as having possible applicability to rheumatology: physician workflow and organizational strategies; peer support and formal communication training; leadership support; and addressing stress, mental health, and mindfulness. Across interventions, mindfulness had the highest quality of evidence to support its effectiveness. Conclusion. Although the quality of evidence for interventions to prevent burnout in physicians is low, promising strategies such as mindfulness have been identified.