Mid-Pleistocene of Europe

An overview of the faunal turnovers and bio-events which characterized the European terrestrial vertebrate communities during the Middle Pleistocene is here presented. The dispersal and the evolutionary trends of the main macro- and micro-mammal groups at the end of the Early Pleistocene (Epivillafranchian) and during the early Middle (Galerian) and late Middle Pleistocene (Aurelian) are discussed. A biochronological framework for the various European countries with the most important fossiliferous localities is also reported.