Urinary microbiome in patients with liver cirrhosis

Background/Aims Liver cirrhosis is a state of higher susceptibility to bacterial infections, with urinary tract infections (UTIs) representing a common cause of hospitalization. Pathogenesis of cirrhosis is closely linked to changes in gut microbiome composition. However, dysbiosis in cirrhosis does not restrict to the gut, as significant changes of microbial composition have been revealed also on the skin, in saliva and in serum. This study aimed to characterize the urinary microbiome (UMB) of patients with cirrhosis and to compare it to that of healthy controls.