Low-Carbon Optimal Dispatch of Integrated Energy System with Hydrogen Considering Generalized Integrated Demand Response

The low-carbon transformation of the energy system is imperative. In this paper, hydrogen is integrated into the traditional integrated energy system (IES) to build a low-carbon integrated energy system with hydrogen (H2-IES) park. Hydrogen gas turbine (HGT) is introduced into the park to realize hydrogen-electricity-heat interconnection, and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) waste heat power generation is utilized to decouple the “determining power by heat” operation mode of HGT so that the flexibility of supply side is explored. On the demand side, considering multiple loads of electricity, heat and hydrogen, the integrated demand response model is established, and the flexibility of the demand side is explored. The flexible responses on both sides of the supply and demand constitute a generalized integrated demand response (GIDR). On the basis of the ladder-type calculation method of carbon emission cost, and taking the carbon emissions of energy purchased from upstream energy network into account, the H2-IES low-carbon optimal dispatch model is constructed. Finally, the results of the example verify the validity of the model.