Ultrahigh polarization Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-based relaxor ceramics for force-electric conversion

High polarization of ferroelectric materials has profound research significance and is the decisive factor in the application of energy storage, pyroelectricity, and explosive energy conversion. Herein, in force-electric conversion field, an ultrahigh remanent polarization (51.43 mu C/cm(2)) and record-breaking energy density (4.59J/cm(3)) after poling were achieved with a lead-free (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xAgNbO(3) [(1-x)BNT - xAN] relaxor ceramics. The enhancement effect of AgNbO3 on polarization is attributed to the increase in lattice distortion and orientation after poling. Additionally, a significant force-electric conversion effect under hydrostatic pressure (depolarization rate similar to 44.8%, 400MPa) and shock pressure (depolarization rate similar to 54.4%, 6.3GPa) in (1-x)BNT - xAN was attributed to the pressure-driven ferroelectric/relaxor (FE/RE) phase transition. This work is expected to enlighten the further design of ferroelectric materials with high polarization for pulse power energy conversion application.