A review of coal bed methane production techniques and prospects in India

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with Coalbed Methane (CBM) extraction in the energy industry. It covers various aspects including the extraction process, major challenges faced, water management strategies, and the social and environmental implications of large-scale CBM production. CBM extraction involves the gradual transformation of buried plant materials into coal over millions of years, resulting in the release of methane and other by-product gases. Understanding the adsorption mechanism of CBM molecules onto the coal matrix and the role of the cleat system is crucial for efficient extraction. The cleat system, composed of face cleats and butt cleats, creates interconnected pathways for gas flow within coal seams, facilitating the extraction of CBM. However, water management poses a significant challenge in CBM extraction, as water production within the cleat system needs to be effectively managed to reduce pressure and enable gas desorption. Techniques such as dewatering and gas diffusion are employed to optimize gas production rates while minimizing water production. Large-scale CBM production has social and environmental implications, and it can result in land use changes, community displacement, and conflicts over resource allocation. Additionally, the release of methane during extraction contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Mitigation measures and thorough assessment are necessary to minimize these impacts and ensure responsible and sustainable CBM development. India, with its abundant coal reserves and identified CBM producing blocks, holds significant prospects for CBM production. The paper discusses these prospects, considering the country's coal reserves and the current status of CBM exploration and production activities. It informs of future energy planning of CBM development in India. Thus, this comprehensive analysis discusses the multifaceted aspects of CBM production, from extraction challenges to environmental considerations, and details potential of CBM sustainable development in India.