Dominance, Language Experience, and Increased Interaction Effects on the Development of Pragmatic Knowledge in Heritage Bilingual Children

Abstract We investigate whether dominance, language experience, and increased interaction have an effect on the development of heritage bilingual children’s knowledge of the discourse-pragmatic constraints guiding null and overt subjects. A group of child heritage bilinguals ( n = 18, mean age = 5;5) and comparison groups of adults: Mexican Spanish monolinguals ( n = 15), heritage bilinguals in the United States ( n = 16), and English monolinguals in the United States ( n = 16) completed a language background questionnaire, a portion of the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment ( BESA ) in English and Spanish, a forced-choice task ( FCT ) in Spanish, and two acceptability judgment tasks ( AJT s): one in English and one in Spanish. Results showed that heritage children and adults pattern similarly and differently from adult monolinguals. Increased interaction at home has a positive effect on accuracy in the pragmatic conditions that license null subjects in Spanish without affecting overt subject patterns in English, the dominant language.