Impact of the microbiome in fertility

In recent years, following the 2007 HMP (Human Microbiome Project,) project, there has been a growing interest in the study of the human microbiome and its influence on multiple pathologies. This has opened up the possibility of considering treatment when the microbiome is altered. There is growing evidence that the female genital tract microbiome influences a woman's fertility and that related diseases, such as bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or chronic endometritis, are associated with reproductive failure. At present, there is no standardization regarding the diagnosis and treatment of genital microbiome alterations. Therefore, systematic study is not indicated as part of the initial diagnosis of infertile couples. However, it does seem reasonable to diagnose and treat microbiome disorders in cases of repetitive implantation failures and recurrent pregnancy loss. Further studies are needed to develop practical clinical guidelines that will allow assisted reproductive technology specialists to optimize treatment results.