Advancements in Exploring Metal-Organic Gels: Structure, Synthesis, and Characterization with a Focus on Preparation Conditions

This thorough review examines the latest developments in Metal-Organic Gels (MOGs), including their structure, properties, synthesis, and characterization methods. The scientific community is captivated by MOGs and their unique attributes, sparking interest and envisioning potential applications in various domains. This paper emphasizes the profound influence of synthetic parameters, including solvent choice, pH, concentration, temperature, reaction duration, and metal-to-ligand ratio, on the morphology, mechanical characteristics, kinetics, and overall optimization of MOGs. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing MOG formation and appreciating the pivotal role of synthetic conditions in tailoring their properties is imperative. Various synthetic strategies for MOG fabrication and a spectrum of characterization techniques are examined, offering insight into prospective applications. However, looking ahead, there is a clear need for a more organized approach to research, focusing on streamlining synthetic processes and advancing characterization methodologies. This will unlock the full potential of MOGs, propelling innovative and tailored properties for specific applications, thus driving the field towards a promising future. Consequently, this review underscores the urgency for sustained research efforts, envisioning a future where MOGs stand as versatile materials, reshaping the landscape of advanced materials and technologies. Graphical Abstract