Navigated Versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials

Background:Recent evidence on the cost-effectiveness of technology in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) demonstrated that navigated computer-assisted methods (N-TKA) is likely to be most cost-effective in the clinical setting. The aim of the current meta-analysis is to compare radiographic, clinical and functional outcomes between conventional TKA (C-TKA) and N-TKA methods. Methods:All prospective randomized controlled trials (pRCTs) comparing primary TKA performed using C-TKA and N-TKA techniques were eligible for inclusion. Radiographic outcomes included postoperative coronal, sagittal and axial component alignment. Clinical outcomes included all-cause revision and aseptic revision. Functional outcomes were analyzed when reported. A random-effects meta-analysis of all available cases was performed. This allowed for all missing data. Results:Normal coronal mechanical alignment of the tibial (p < 0.001) and femoral (p = 0.001) components was achieved more frequently with N-TKA. Normal sagittal mechanical alignment of the tibial component was achieved significantly more with N-TKA (p < 0.010). There was no difference in short-term clinical survivorship (all-cause, p = 0.649; aseptic, p = 0.79) or in functional outcomes reported between groups. There was a clinically significant reduction in the mean C-TKA operative time (87 min, σ = 16.6, 95% CI 76.4-98.8) compared N-TKA (97.6 min, σ = 16.9, 95% CI 86.2-109.1) (p = 0.17). Conclusion:Navigated TKA achieves superior radiographic alignment for femoral and tibial components in both the coronal and sagittal plane. Operative times are 10 min longer in the N-TKA group. Functional outcomes are similar between navigated and conventional groups. Clinical outcomes reported in Level I studies are limited to short-term follow-up so future prospective studies are required.