Optimal Energy Management of EVs in Intelligent Parking Lots with Considering Solar Panels

Nowadays, 25 % of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide are from the transportation sector. That has led governments to make and employ electric vehicles (EV). This study presented an optimal intelligent parking lot (IPL) schedule for charging and discharging EV. IPL's recharge prices vary depending on whether EVs have a subscription with an electromobility service provider or pay-as-you-go payment. The IPL operator supplies a load of an office using battery storage systems (BESS) and rooftop photovoltaic systems while participating in the day-ahead market. The IPL's operator aims to maximize the total profit by scheduling the charging and discharging of the EVs and BESSs, considering EV owners' preferences. The results demonstrate the presented model's effectiveness for the operator's and EVs' profit.