Sails and Anchors: The Complementarity of Exploratory and Exploitative Scientists in Knowledge Creation
CoRR(2023)
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between scientists' cognitive
profile and their ability to generate innovative ideas and gain scientific
recognition. We propose a novel author-level metric based on the semantic
representation of researchers' past publications to measure cognitive diversity
both at individual and team levels. Using PubMed Knowledge Graph (PKG), we
analyze the impact of cognitive diversity on novelty, as measured by
combinatorial novelty indicators and peer labels on Faculty Opinion. We
assessed scientific impact through citations and disruption indicators. We show
that the presence of exploratory individuals (i.e., cognitively diverse) is
beneficial in generating distant knowledge combinations, but only when balanced
by a significant proportion of exploitative individuals (i.e., cognitively
specialized). Furthermore, teams with a high proportion of exploitative
profiles tend to consolidate science, whereas those with a significant share of
both profiles tend to disrupt it. Cognitive diversity between team members
appears to be always beneficial to combining more distant knowledge. However,
to maximize the relevance of these distant combinations of knowledge,
maintaining a limited number of exploratory individuals is essential, as
exploitative individuals must question and debate their novel perspectives.
These specialized individuals are the most qualified to extract the full
potential of novel ideas and integrate them within the existing scientific
paradigm.
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