Hustle: Experiences of making work 'work' for non-standard and precariously employed workers in New York City

Non-standard employment (NSE) has negative implications for workers' health. As part of a larger comparative case study, this article explores US-based workers' experiences in NSE and its influences on their health and wellbeing in a context of a shrinking social safety net and individualistic cultural values. We conducted interviews with workers in NSE in various occupations in the New York City area (N = 40). We used deductive and inductive thematic analysis and considered variations across levels of employment precarity. All participants experienced the 'hustle of NSE,' a dynamic frame comprising: i) tension between payoffs (flexibility, opportunity to work for more pay, and satisfaction with their work) and tradeoffs (job instability and insecurity, and having to work more) that both implicate participants' health and well-being in mostly negative ways; ii) reliance on personal and family resources and opportunities to manage NSE; and iii) low expectations for improvements in employerbased practices and policies or basic worker and social protections despite having clarity about problems and desires. Workers assessed their work and life circumstances and behaved in a way to try to obtain the best results for themselves and their families. When comparing across employment precarity levels, workers' health and well-being experiences varied by participants' immigration status. Understanding health and well-being consequences of NSE contributes to examining individual costs of labor market flexibility. Achieving health equity must include labor, employment and welfare state policies that are more inclusive of gaps created by NSE and precarious employment, especially for workers in marginalized social locations.