Three-stage dynamic equivalent modeling approach for wind farm using accurate crowbar status identification and voltage differences among wind turbines

With increasing wind farm scale, dynamic modeling and simulating the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) process of wind farms are time- and source-consuming. Thus, a dynamic equivalent model of a wind farm considering the LVRT process is necessary and vital for power system analysis. However, the crowbar status of each doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), voltage, and wind speed differences among will influence the LVRT process and equivalent results. To consider these three factors comprehensively and eliminate the error, this paper proposes a three-stage dynamic equivalent modeling approach, using accurate crowbar identification and voltage differences among DFIGs. Stage I: DFIGs are divided by crowbar status. A new accurate crowbar identification method is proposed to consider the interference from other DFIGs, using the experimental twomachine system and several dynamic simulations to correct fault voltage. Stage II: The often-overlooked voltage differences are considered, and DFIGs are divided into different clusters for accurate fault dynamics. Stage III: To eliminate errors resulting from wind speed differences, the DFIG active power reference is corrected based on the analytical function of the wind farm LVRT process. The proposed model can accurately identify crowbar status and consider the voltage and wind speed differences without detailed model simulation results, improving the accuracy. Case studies are undertaken on a wind farm with fifty DFIGs. Simulation results indicated that the proposed model can match the detailed model under different wind scenarios and fault voltages, and it also increases simulation efficiency, which is suitable for studying the effect of LVRT on power systems.