Impact of an early 1000-day intervention for obesity prevention on adiposity and BMI at two years of age: A quasi-experimental study

Background The 1000-day period encompassing pregnancy and the first two years of postnatal life is critical for preventing childhood obesity. Existing interventions targeting this period have been characterised by great variability in duration, objectives, and evaluation indicators. We aimed to evaluate the impact of an intervention developed during the entire 1000-day period on body mass index and body fat percentage at two years of age. Methods We designed a prospective, interventional, quasi-experimental study (ie, without randomisation or blinding of both groups) targeting mother-child pairs from the beginning of pregnancy up to two years of age belonging to the basic health area of Puerto Real (Cadiz). We developed and delivered an intervention from pregnancy to two years and assessed its effect. Results The duration of breastfeeding and vitamin D supplementation increased significantly after the intervention. The intervention group showed lowed skinfolds values, a significantly lower body fat percentage, as well as a lower accumulation of factor at two years than the control group. Conclusions The intervention has had an impact on body fat percentage at two years, potentially justified through its overall effect and the lower accumulation of early risk factors.