Proximal Periodontal Support Adjacent to Untreated Peri-implantitis Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Purpose: To assess site-related features of peri-implantitis occurring adjacent to teeth and its association with the proximal periodontal bone level. Materials and Methods: Periapical radiographs were collected from partially edentulous patients exhibiting peri-implantitis adjacent to teeth. The following variables were quantified: intrabony defect width (DW), implant marginal bone loss (MBLi), tooth marginal bone loss (MBLt), implant-tooth distance (ITd), intrabony defect angulation (DA), adjacent periodontal bone peak height (ABPh), and implant-tooth angulation (ITa). A correlation matrix using the Spearman correlation coefficient was created to explore the dependence of these variables. Univariate linear regression analysis was carried out by means of generalized estimating equations (GEE), using MBLt as dependent variable. Results: Overall, 61 patients and 84 implants were included in this study, consisting of a total of 105 implant sites facing adjacent teeth. This resulted in 515 linear and 194 angular measurements. A total of 11 different statistically significant associations were demonstrated between the different variables analyzed. Moreover, the univariate regression analysis revealed significant positive associations between MBLt and MBLi (P =.013) and between MBLt and periodontitis (PD) (P =.014). These associations were confirmed in the multivariate model. Conclusions: Teeth adjacent to untreated periimplantitis lesions are associated with proximal loss of periodontal support. This finding is more remarkable in scenarios that display short implant-tooth distance. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023;38:1145-1150.