Invited Session V: Binocular vision and interactions: Harnessing interactions within binocular vision to treat amblyopia.

Inexpensive virtual reality (VR) headsets have enabled at-home therapy for binocular dysfunctions, including amblyopia. Healthy binocular vision is exquisite, which is achieved though interactions among various visual subsystems. As a result, however, binocular vision has multiple points of weakness, so development can go wrong in many different ways. Furthermore, the visual system has many ways it can adapt to dysfunctions to improve vision. It is therefore not surprising that amblyopias are idiosyncratic from one person to the next. Habitual interocular suppression is a typical adaption in amblyopia, and by treating suppression in VR, acuity can be improved by 0.1 to 0.2 logMAR. However, the amblyopic visual system shows complicated patterns of interaction between suppression, acuity, stereopsis, motor vergence, accommodation, and motion perception; and each of those subsystems is itself complex. Thus, to improve acuity and stereopsis in amblyopia, a multifaceted approach would seem more promising. In a VR headset, one can addresses suppression, stereopsis, vergence ability, and even accommodation, simultaneously. I will describe Vivid Vision's approach to this problem, along with preliminary results from independent researchers.