Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Binding Partners MiD49 and MiD51 Increased Mitochondrial Fission In Vitro and Atherosclerosis in High-Fat-Diet-Fed ApoE^-/- Mice

Novel components of the mitochondrial fission machinery, mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa (MiD49) and 51 kDa (MiD51), have been recently described, and their potential therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular disease have been shown, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), anthracycline cardiomyopathy and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we examined the role of MiD49 and MiD51 in atherosclerosis. MiD49/51 expression was increased in the aortic valve endothelial cells (ECs) of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice and IL-8-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which accelerated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Silencing MiD49/51 reduced atherosclerotic plaque size, increased collagen content, and decreased the IL-8-induced adhesion and proliferation of HUVECs. MiD51 upregulation resulted from decreased microRNA (miR)-107 expression and increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) expression. Treatment with miR-107 mimics decreased atherosclerotic plaque size by reducing HIF-1 alpha and MiD51 production. Both MiD49 and MiD51 were involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation through Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, and the involvement of MiD51 in this process was the result of decreased miR-107 expression and increased HIF-1 alpha expression. The miR-107-HIF-1 alpha-MiD51 pathway might provide new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.