Designing a Spatially-explicit Urban Digital Twin Framework for Smart Water Infrastructure and Flood Management.

This paper outlines the requirements and challenges of designing and applying spatially explicit urban digital twin technology for managing critical water infrastructure and flood impacts in Smart Cities. It emphasizes the significance of incorporating accurate and reliable location-based data and technologies using Geographic Information Science (GIScience) methods such as Geosimulation, spatial-visual intelligence, and GeoAI, in smart infrastructure systems. Two case studies, Orange County, California, and Victoria, Australia, exemplify this approach. The paper also discusses technical factors and provides a roadmap for creating spatially-explicit urban digital twins to enhance smart urban water and flood management systems.