Gout in Native Hawaiian Patients in Hawai'i: Clinical Characteristics and Disparities

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and health care use of Native Hawaiian and White patients with gout. Methods. We performed a retrospective chart review of Native Hawaiian and White patients with gout treated from 2011 to 2017 within a large health care system in HawaiModified Letter Turned Commai. We compared demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, and risk factors for gout. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictive factors of emergency department visits. Results. We identified 270 Native Hawaiian patients with gout and 239 White patients with gout. The Native Hawaiian patients were younger on average (54.0 vs 64.0 years; P < 0.0001) and had an earlier onset of disease (50.0 vs 57.0 years; P < 0.0001). Native Hawaiian patients with gout had higher mean (7.58 vs 6.87 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) and maximum (10.30 vs 9.50 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) serum urate levels compared to White patients with gout. Native Hawaiian patients with gout also had a greater number of tophi (median 2.00 vs 1.00; P < 0.0001). Native Hawaiians patients with gout were 2.7 times more likely to have frequent (>= 1) emergency department visits than White patients with gout. Native Hawaiian patients with gout were less likely to have a therapeutic serum urate <= 6.0 mg/dL and had lower rates of rheumatology specialty care. Conclusion. Native Hawaiian patients have a higher disease burden of gout, with earlier disease onset and more tophi. Native Hawaiian patients with gout are more likely to use emergency services for gout and have lower rates of rheumatology specialty care compared to White patients. Future studies are needed to promote culturally appropriate preventive care and management of gout in Native Hawaiians.