Parental and Adolescents’ Anxiety during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Rural China: The role of Parent-child Communication

Purpose It has been suggested that the intergenerational transmission of anxiety may be an important contributor to the high prevalence of anxiety in adolescents. The objectives of this study are to examine whether and how parental anxiety is related to adolescent’s anxiety and to explore the associations of parental anxiety and parent-child communication with adolescents’ anxiety across different grades. Methods The current survey was conducted online from February 8th to February 27th, 2020.The questionnaires were distributed and retrieved through a web-based platform. A total of 6196 Chinese rural adolescents from grade seven to twelve (age ranging from 11 to 18 years old) were included. Results In this study, parental anxiety was significantly associated with higher adolescent anxiety ( β = 0.14, p < 0.001) and this association was statically strongest at grade twelve. Besides, children with problematic parent-child communication related to COVID-19 reported elevated anxiety ( β = 0.05, p < 0.01). In contrast, effective parent-child communication about COVID-19 mitigated the level of anxiety transmitted from parent to child ( β = -0.04, p < 0.05). Conclusions During the COVID-19 epidemic, parents’ anxiety was related to adolescents’ anxiety. In addition, parent-child communication plays a moderating role in the above relationship. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing more psycho-education programs that specifically target parents’ emotion regulation and effective communication abilities to ameliorate the psychopathological symptoms of parents and their children.