Childhood adversity severity modulates the associations between adaptive psychological changes and amygdala volumetric changes in response to behavioral interventions

•Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) was no more effective at reducing psychological symptoms than the active control condition focused on stress management education.•Childhood maltreated severity was a significant mediator between changes in mindfulness levels and right amygdala volumetric changes within the MBI group.•Childhood maltreatment severity was a significant moderator for the effect of trait anxiety level changes on left amygdala volumetric changes across the pooled sample of both groups.