The role of social capital as a key player in disaster risk comprehension and dissemination: lived experience of rural communities in Pakistan

The efficacy of the community response to flood hazards is closely intertwined with its social capital. Communities with high social capital (robust social networks and cohesive community bonds) are likely to have greater abilities in preparing for and dealing with flood hazards. Numerous studies have continuously emphasized the fundamental significance of social capital throughout all stages of disaster risk management. It is still not fully understood how social capital effectively conveys risks. The present study sought to look at the experiences of rural communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with the specific objective of exploring the role of social capital in facilitating the comprehension and dissemination of risk alerts about flood hazards. This study used a comprehensive qualitative methodology, specifically semi-structured interviews, to investigate the local communities' perspectives and use of social capital or networks in the context of risk communication. A total of 48 participants, encompassing a range of backgrounds, including social workers, community leaders, and elders, were engaged in face-to-face interviews. The data that was gathered were then grouped according to specific themes. The researchers utilized the interpretive analysis approach to understand better how the participants interpreted and comprehended the situation within the larger social and institutional framework. The research findings revealed four primary themes: the interpretation and dissemination of risk messages through social networks, the role of community social service connections in accessing social capital and risk information, the negative consequences of social capital maldistribution, and the limitations of social connectedness. The study's results revealed that many individuals impacted by flood hazard's lack access to strong social networks, which may hinder their capacity to obtain and understand information regarding potential risks. The efficient use of hazard alerts, customized to accommodate varied groups' unique interactive and cultural requirements, requires a collaborative and inclusive approach involving several stakeholders, including community people. Implementing this method is paramount in addressing and reducing socioeconomic inequalities within the natural hazards and disaster preparedness framework.