Recent Progress in Self-Powered Sensors for Structural and Human Monitoring Systems Using Thermoelectric Energy Harvesters

With the evolution of Internet of Things (IoT), it has become essential to build systems that enable real-time monitoring of structures, the environment, and the human body. Among them, various studies have identified self-powering of real-time monitoring systems as one of the most important technologies . Thermoelectric generators are reported to be one of the most suitable power sources for real-time monitoring systems because they have the advantage of converting thermal energy into electrical energy through temperature gradients without using additional power sources. In this review, we will discuss structural/environmental and human health monitoring systems utilizing thermoelectric generators (TEGs). First, we will introduce the type of thermoelectric generators. Then, we will provide an overview of the thermoelectric generators utilized in structural/environmental monitoring and biomonitoring systems. The latest applications of thermoelectric generator-based systems will also be introduced to showcase their potential in industrial applications.