Microwave-assisted synthesis of LaMnO3+d: Tuning physical properties with microwave power

Synthesis of transition metal oxides by microwave irradiation is a faster and energy-saving method compared to conventional heating in an electrical furnace because microwave energy is directly converted into heat within precursors. However, not much is known about how the physical properties are modified by the power of microwaves. We synthesized LaMnO3+d by irradiating oxide precursors with microwaves and studied the impact of microwave power (P = 1000 W, 1200 W, 1400 W and 1600 W) on magnetism, resistivity, magnetoresistance, thermopower, magnetic entropy change, magnetostriction, and electron spin resonance. It is found that paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition becomes sharper, saturation magnetization increases, and electrical resistivity at low temperatures dramatically decreases as P increases. While the resistivity of samples irradiated with MW power of P less than or equal to 1400 W show insulating-like behavior down to 50 K, an insulator-metal transition occurs in the sample exposed to P = 1600 W and this sample also shows a maximum magnetoresistance (= -55 x10-6) for H = 50 kOe and magnetic entropy change of 4.78 J/kg. K for H = 30 kOe around the Curie temperature. The intensity of electron spin resonance spectra at 300 K increases with P. We postulate that the much enhanced physical properties observed for the P = 1600 W sample arise from the creation of higher hole density, chemical homogeneity, and increased grain size. Our study shows that microwave power can be used as a knob to tune magnetism and other physical properties to our advantage.