Relationships Between Vocal Fold Adduction Patterns, Vocal Acoustic Quality, and Vocal Effort in Individuals With and Without Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS:Increased vocal effort and aberrant vocal quality are often attributed to vocal fold hyperadduction in hyperfunctional voice disorders. However, there are currently no established methods to quantify vocal fold adduction beyond subjective descriptors in this clinical population. Furthermore, relationships between vocal fold adduction patterns, vocal effort severity, and vocal quality are not well characterized. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) quantify vocal fold adduction, applying a previously validated method developed for patients with vocal fold paralysis, and (2) correlate these measures with acoustic vocal quality and self-perceived measures of vocal effort severity. METHODS:A deep learning program, Automated Glottic Action Tracking using artificial Intelligence, was used to track glottic angle configurations and vocal fold adduction velocities on laryngoscopic videos across 60 laryngoscopies (20 primary muscle tension dysphonia [pMTD], 20 phonotraumatic lesions, and 20 healthy controls). Voice samples were also acquired, and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and H1-H2 acoustic measures were used to quantify vocal quality. Participants were also asked to rate their vocal effort on a 100 mm visual analog scale. RESULTS:There were no significant group differences in glottic angle configurations or vocal fold adduction velocities, although there were trends toward increased peak vocal fold adduction velocities in patients with hyperfunctional voice disorders compared to controls. Vocal effort was significantly higher in the two hyperfunctional groups compared to controls. CPP was significantly lower in the pMTD group, but there were no group differences in acoustic parameters between any of the other groups or for H1-H2 values. CONCLUSION:Despite significantly more vocal effort reported in patients with hyperfunctional voice disorders, there were no significant group differences in vocal fold adduction patterns. These findings suggest other physiologic mechanisms may also be responsible for the symptoms and genesis of pMTD and benign vocal fold lesions.