Impact of molecular properties on diffraction at nanomasks with low charge density
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The quantum wave nature of matter is a cornerstone of modern physics, which
has been demonstrated for a wide range of fundamental and composite particles.
While diffraction at nanomechanical masks is usually regarded to be independent
of atomic or molecular internal states, the particles' polarisabilities and
dipole moments lead to dispersive interactions with the grating surface. In
prior experiments, such forces largely prevented matter-wave experiments with
polar molecules, as they led to dephasing of the matter wave in the presence of
randomly distributed charges incorporated into the grating. Here we show that
ion-beam milling using neon facilitates the fabrication of lowly-charged
nanomasks in gold-capped silicon nitride membranes. This allows us to observe
the diffraction of polar molecules with a four times larger electric dipole
moment than in previous experiments. This new capability opens a path to the
assessment of the structure of polar molecules in matter-wave diffraction
experiments.
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