GABA functionalized gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and potential applications

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), a ubiquitous and versatile endogenous molecule with established roles in neurotransmission and plant stress response, has emerged as a candidate for nanomaterial synthesis, offering promising avenues for both therapeutic and agricultural applications. This study reported the green synthesis of GABA-stabilized gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles (GABAAuNPs, GABAgNPs, and GABACuNPs) via photoreduction. Detailed characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, Zeta potential analysis, and X-ray diffraction elucidated the physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The study indicated that GABAAuNPs, upon light or ultrasound activation, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), highlighting their potential for applications in photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies. Thanks to their affinity for GABA receptors, these nanoparticles can target cancer cells and even breach the blood-brain barrier, opening doors for novel nanovector-based therapies and bioimaging in cancer and neurological diseases. The antibacterial efficacies of GABAAgNPs and GABACuNPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated, paving the way for their potential applications in combating infectious diseases. These nanoparticles have eco-friendly attributes and multi-functionality, holding immense potential in agriculture. They can act as plant growth promoters, improving seed germination, stress tolerance, and overall growth. Their properties offer alternatives to conventional pesticides, promoting sustainable farming practices.