Short term Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Lactating Mother and Child Dyads in Bangladesh: A Multi-centre, Cross-sectional Study

Introduction The aims of the study are to: (1) determine the short-term reactogenicity of WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccines (i.e., Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Sinovac, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Johnson and Johnson, Covaxin) amongst lactating women and their children, and 2) evaluate lactation-related outcomes following the same vaccines in Bangladesh. Methods This was a multi-centre, self-reported, cross-sectional study of lactating woman-child dyads in Bangladesh. Demographics, past medical history, breastfeeding history and clinical outcomes of lactating woman–child dyads at least 7 days after the last dose of vaccine were determined through a structured questionnaire. Results There were 750 participants from four centres. The mean age of lactating women and children surveyed were 27.6 (SD ± 4.6) years and 10.3 (SD ± 6.7) months, respectively. Majority (81.2%; 608 of 750) received 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccinations while lactating. Almost all (99.9%; 749 of 750) vaccinated lactating women surveyed reported no change in human milk supply. More than half of the participants (56.9%; 373 of 656) reported no symptoms after both doses of COVID-19 vaccines. There were no serious adverse events such as anaphylaxis or hospital admission. Majority of the lactating women (98.9%; 742 of 750) reported that the children whom they breastfed had no symptoms such as fever or cough. Discussion This large study of lactating woman-child dyads in Bangladesh, who received a diverse range of WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccines, showed no serious short-term adverse effects.